Extended Oral Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Primary Hip Arthroplasty: Does it Decrease Periprosthetic Joint Infections?
Abstract
Introduction: The prevalence of periprosthetic infections (PPIs) after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) is approximately 2%. The objective of this study is to determine if there are statistically significant differences between the proportion of acute PPIs with extended oral antibiotic prophylaxis (7 days) vs standard oral antibiotic prophylaxis (24 hours). Materials and Methods: A prospective clinical trial was conducted between July 2021 and May 2022. A total of 28 adult patients with hip fracture underwent a primary arthroplasty and received extended oral antibiotic (EOA) prophylaxis for 7 days with first-generation cephalosporins. They were compared to a secondary database of the hospital registry, which included a total of 95 adult patients with hip fractures who underwent primary arthroplasty and received a standard oral antibiotic (SOA) prophylaxis for 24 hs. Results: In the EOA group, the rate of acute PPI was 10.71%, while in the SOA group it was 17.89%. When comparing the rate in both groups, no statistically significant differences were found (p=0.36). Conclusions: Although the available literature suggests that extended antibiotic prophylaxis can be a simple, safe, and cost-effective measure to counteract the patient’s non-modifiable factors and thus reduce periprosthetic infections, our study found no evidence that it reduces the proportion of acute PPI at 30 days in primary hip arthroplasties.Downloads
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