Sistema de barras magnéticas. Resultados y complicaciones
Resumen
Introducción: El uso del sistema de barras magnéticas para el tratamiento de la escoliosis de comienzo temprano es un método utilizado en los últimos 10 años; su eficacia está respaldada por la bibliografía, pero no está exento de complicaciones. Objetivo: Analizar retrospectivamente una serie de 37 pacientes tratados con barras magnéticas en escoliosis de comienzo temprano. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo entre 2014 y 2019. Se dividió a los pacientes en: grupo 1 (procedimientos primarios con barras magnéticas) y grupo 2 (conversiones de sistema tradicional a barras magnéticas). Resultados: Se incluyó a 19 niñas y 18 niños (edad promedio 8 años al operarse), las etiologías fueron variadas. Entre el grupo 1 (n = 28) y el grupo 2 (n = 9), el seguimiento promedio posoperatorio fue de 3.6 años. El valor angular promedio preoperatorio de escoliosis era de 64° (rango 39°-101°) y el de cifosis, de 51° (rango 7°-81°). El valor angular promedio de escoliosis en el posoperatorio inmediato fue de 41° (rango 17°-80°) y el de cifosis, de 34° (rango 7°-82°). Se produjeron 2 roturas de barra y una cifosis de unión proximal, 2 aflojamientos de tornillos proximales, una falla del sistema de distracción de barras magnéticas y una infección del sitio quirúrgico. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados preliminares, aunque son a corto plazo, sugieren que la barra magnética podría ser un método eficaz en este tipo de enfermedad.Descargas
Métricas
Citas
Skaggs DL, Guillaume T, El-Hawary R, Emans J, Mendelow M, Smith J, et al. Early Onset Scoliosis Consensus
Statement, SRS Growing Spine Committee, 2015. Spine Deform 2015;3(2):107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspd.2015.01.002
Williams BA, Matsumoto H, McCalla JD, Akbarnia BA, Blakemore LC, Betz RR, et al. Development and initial
validation of the classification of early onset scoliosis (CEOS). J Bone Joint Surg Am 2014;96(16):1359-67.
https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.M.00253
Campbell RM, Smith MD. Thoracic insufficiency syndrome and exotic scoliosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am
;89(Suppl 1):108-22. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.F.00270
Pehrsson K, Larsson S, Nachemson A. Long-term follow-up of patients with untreated scoliosis. A study of
mortality, causes of death, and symptoms. Spine (Phila Pa 1979) 1992;17(9):1091-6.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199209000-00014
Hughes MS, Swarup I, Makarewich CA, Williams BA, Talwar D, Cahill PJ, et al. Expert Consensus for Early Onset
Scoliosis Surgery. J Pediatr Orthop 2020;40(7):e621-e628. https://doiorg/10.1097/BPO.0000000000001473
Calderaro C, Labianca L, Dolan LA, Yamashita K, Weinstein SL. Early-onset scoliosis treated with magnetically
controlled growing rods. Orthopedics 2020;43(6):e601-e608. https://doi.org/10.3928/01477447-20200910-04
Vitale MG, Matsumoto H, Roye DP Jr, Bye MR, Gomez JA, Booker WA, et al. A retrospective cohort study of
pulmonary function, radiographic measures, and quality of life in children with congenital scoliosis: an evaluation of patient outcomes after early spinal fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2008;33(11):1242-9.
https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181714536
Sankar WN, Acevedo DC, Skaggs DL. Comparison of complications among growing spinal implants. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2010;35(23):2091-6. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181c6edd7
Cheung KM, Cheung JP, Samartzis D, Mak K, Wong Y, Akbarnia BA, et al. Magnetically controlled growing rods
for severe spinal curvature in young children: a prospective case series. Lancet 2012;379:1967-74.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60112-3
Yang S, Andras LM, Redding GJ, Skaggs DL. Early-onset scoliosis: A review of history, current treatment, and
future directions. Pediatrics 2016;137(1). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-0709
Beaven A, Gardner AC, Spilbury JB, Marks DS, Mehta JS, Newton-Ede M, et al. Magnetically controlled growing
rods: The experience of mechanical failure from a single center consecutive series of 28 children with a minimum
follow-up of 2 years. Asian Spine J 2018;12(5):794-802. https://doi.org/10.31616/asj.2018.12.5.794
Cyr M, Hilaire TS, Pan Z, Thompson GH, Vitale MG, Garg S, et al. Classification of early onset scoliosis has
excellent interobserver and intraobserver reliability. J Pediatr Orthop 2017;37(1):e1-e3. https://doi.org/10.1097/BPO.0000000000000688
Cheung JPY, Cheung KM. Current status of the magnetically controlled growing rod in treatment of early-onset scoliosis: What we know after a decade of experience. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2019;27(3):2309499019886945. https://doi.org/10.1177/2309499019886945
Skov ST, Wijdicks SPJ, Bünger C, Castelein RM, Li H, Kruyt MC. Treatment of early-onset scoliosis with a hybrid
of a concave magnetic driver (magnetic controlled growth rod) and a contra-lateral passive sliding rod construct
with apical control: preliminary report on 17 cases. Spine J 2018;18(1):122-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2017.06.027
Choi E, Yaszay B, Mundis G, Hosseini P, Pawelek J, Alanay A, et al. Implant complications after magnetically
controlled growing rods for early onset scoliosis: A multicenter retrospective review. J Pediatr Orthop
;37(8):e588-e592. https://doi.org/10.1097/BPO.0000000000000803
Obid P, Yiu K, Cheung K, Kwan K, Ruf M, Cheung JPY. Magnetically controlled growing rods in early onset
scoliosis: radiological results, outcome, and complications in a series of 22 patients. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg
;141(7):1163-74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-020-03518-z
Dannawi Z, Altaf F, Noordeen H, Harshavardhana NS, El Sebaie H. Early results of a remotely-operated magnetic growth rod in early-onset scoliosis. Bone Joint J 2013;95-B(1):75-80.
https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.95B1.29565
Rolton D, Richards J, Nnadi C. Magnetic controlled growth rods versus conventional growing rod systems in the treatment of early onset scoliosis: a cost comparison. Eur Spine J 2015;24(7):1457-61.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-014-3699-7
Bekmez S, Dede O, Yazici M. Advances in growing rods treatment for early onset scoliosis. Curr Opin Pediatr
;29(1):87-93. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0000000000000432
Yilmaz G, Huri G, Demirkran G, Dağloğlu K, Ozkan C, Alanay A, et al. The effect of posterior distraction on
vertebral growth in immature pigs: an experimental simulation of growing rod technique. Spine (Phila Pa 1976)
;35(7):730-3. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181bcc3a3
Pasha S, Sturm PF. Contouring the magnetically controlled growing rods: impact on expansion capacity and proximal junctional kyphosis. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 2021;31(1):79-84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00590-020-02743-x
Tello CA. Harrington instrumentation without arthrodesis and consecutive distraction program for young children with severe spinal deformities. Experience and technical details. Orthop Clin North Am 1994;25:333-51.
PMID: 8159406
Bekmez S, Afandiyev A, Dede O, Karaismailoğlu E, Demirkiran HG, Yazici M. Is magnetically controlled growing rod the game changer in early-onset scoliosis? A preliminary report. J Pediatr Orthop 2019;39(3):e195-e200. https://doi.org/10.1097/bpo.0000000000001268
Jenks M, Craig J, Higgins J, Willits I, Barata T, Wood H, et al. The MAGEC system for spinal lengthening in
children with scoliosis: A NICE Medical Technology Guidance. Appl Health Econ Health Policy 2014;12:587-99.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40258-014-0127-4
Rushton PRP, Smith SL, Forbes L, Bowey AJ, Gibson MJ, Joyce TJ. Force testing of explanted magnetically
controlled growing rods. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2019;44(4):233-9. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000002806
Yoon WW, Chang AC, Tyler P, Butt S, Raniga S, Noordeen H. The use of ultrasound in comparison to radiography in magnetically controlled growth rod lengthening measurement: a prospective study. Eur Spine J 2015;24(7):1422-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-014-3589-z
Stokes OM, O’Donovan EJ, Samartzis D, Bow CH, Luk KDK, Cheung KMC. Reducing radiation exposure in earlyonset scoliosis surgery patients: novel use of ultrasonography to measure lengthening in magnetically-controlled growing rods. Spine J 2014;14(10):2397-404. https://doi.org/doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2014.01.039
Cheung JPY, Yiu KKL, Bow C, Cheung PWH, Samartzis D, Cheung KMC. Learning curve in monitoring
magnetically controlled growing rod distractions with ultrasound. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2017;42(17):1289-94.
https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000002114
Thompson GH, Akbarnia BA, Campbell RM Jr. Growing rod techniques in early-onset scoliosis. J Pediatr Orthop
;27(3):354-61. https://doi.org/10.1097/BPO.0b013e3180333eea
Heydar AM, Şirazi S, Bezer M. Magnetic controlled growing rods as a treatment of early onset scoliosis: Early
results with two patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2016;41(22):E1336-E1342. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000001614
Mardare M, Kieser DC, Ahmad A, Tubramanian T, Haleem S, Thakar C, et al. Targeted distraction: Spinal growth in children with early-onset scoliosis treated with a tail-gating technique for magnetically controlled growing rods. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2018;43(20):1225-31. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000002668
Kwan KYH, Alanay A, Yazici M, Demirkiran G, Helenius I, Nnadi C, et al. Unplanned reoperations in magnetically controlled growing rod surgery for early onset scoliosis with a minimum of two-year follow-up. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2017;42(24):E1410-E1414. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000002297
Zarei M, Tavakoli M, Ghadimi E, Moharrami A, Nili A, Vafaei A, et al. Complications of dual growing rod with allpedicle screw instrumentation in the treatment of early-onset scoliosis. J Orthop Surg Res 2021;16(1):112.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-021-02267-y
Teoh KH, Winson DM, James SH, Jones A, Howes J, Davies PR, et al. Do magnetic growing rods have lower
complication rates compared with conventional growing rods? Spine J 2016;16(4 Suppl):S40-S44.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2015.12.099
Lebon J, Batailler C, Wargny M, Choufani E, Violas P, Fron D, et al. Magnetically controlled growing rod in early
onset scoliosis: a 30-case multicenter study. Eur Spine J 2017;26(6):1567-76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-016-4929-y
Akbarnia BA, Pawelek JB, Cheung KM, Demirkiran G, Elsebaie H, Emans JB, et al. Traditional growing rods
versus magnetically controlled growing rods for the surgical treatment of early-onset scoliosis: a case-matched
-year study. Spine Deform 2014;2(6):493-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jspd.2014.09.050
Heydar AM, Sirazi S, Okay E, Kiyak G, Beze M. Short segment spinal instrumentation in early-onset scoliosis
patients treated with magnetically controlled growing rods: surgical technique and mid- short-term outcomes. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2017;42(24):1888-94. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000002265
Ridderbusch K, Rupprecht M, Kunkel P, Hagemann C, Stücker R. Preliminary results of magnetically controlled
growing rods for early onset scoliosis. J Pediatr Orthop 2017;37(8):e575-e580.
https://doi.org/10.1097/BPO.0000000000000752
Keskinen H, Helenius I, Nnadi C, Cheung K, Ferguson J, Mundis G, et al. Preliminary comparison of primary and conversion surgery with magnetically controlled growing rods in children with early onset scoliosis. Eur Spine J 2016;25(10):3294-300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-016-4597-y
Thakar C, Kieser DC, Mardare M, Haleem S, Fairbank J, Nnadi C. Systematic review of the complications
associated with magnetically controlled growing rods for the treatment of early onset scoliosis. Eur Spine J
;27(9):2062-71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-018-5590-4
Cheung PY, Yiu KKL, Samartzis D, Kwan K, Tan BB, Cheung KMC. Rod lengthening with the magnetically
controlled growing rod: Factors influencing rod slippage and reduced gains during distractions. Spine (Phila Pa
2018;43(7):E399-E405. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000002358
Hosseini P, Pawelek J, Mundis GM, Yaszay B, Ferguson J, Helenius I, et al. Magnetically controlled growing rods for early-onset scoliosis: a multicenter study of 23 cases with minimum 2 years follow-up. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2016;41(18):1456-62. https://doi/10.1097/BRS.0000000000001561
La aceptación del manuscrito por parte de la revista implica la no presentación simultánea a otras revistas u órganos editoriales. La RAAOT se encuentra bajo la licencia Creative Commons 4.0. Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es). Se puede compartir, copiar, distribuir, alterar, transformar, generar una obra derivada, ejecutar y comunicar públicamente la obra, siempre que: a) se cite la autoría y la fuente original de su publicación (revista, editorial y URL de la obra); b) no se usen para fines comerciales; c) se mantengan los mismos términos de la licencia.
En caso de que el manuscrito sea aprobado para su próxima publicación, los autores conservan los derechos de autor y cederán a la revista los derechos de la publicación, edición, reproducción, distribución, exhibición y comunicación a nivel nacional e internacional en las diferentes bases de datos, repositorios y portales.
Se deja constancia que el referido artículo es inédito y que no está en espera de impresión en alguna otra publicación nacional o extranjera.
Por la presente, acepta/n las modificaciones que sean necesarias, sugeridas en la revisión por los pares (referato), para adaptar el trabajo al estilo y modalidad de publicación de la Revista.
