“Gaucho´s fracture”. unusual mechanism of burst type low lumbar fractures in horse riders
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Published:
Nov 12, 2019
Keywords:
Vertebral fractures, lumbar, horse riders, gaucho.
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Abstract
We report two cases of low lumbar burst fractures that involve the fourth lumbar vertebra (L4), in patients who develop the activity known as “jineteada gaucha”, in which the horse falls on its back and imprisons the rider against the ground.
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How to Cite
Ricciardi, D. O., Ricciardi, G. A., Garfinkel, I. G., & Carrioli, G. G. (2019). “Gaucho´s fracture”. unusual mechanism of burst type low lumbar fractures in horse riders. Revista De La Asociación Argentina De Ortopedia Y Traumatología, 84(4), 406-419. https://doi.org/10.15417/issn.1852-7434.2019.84.4.929
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Section
Case Presentations
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References
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2. An HS, Vaccaro A, Cotler JM, Lin S. Low lumbar burst fractures: comparison among body cast, Harrington rod, Luque rod, and Steffee plate. Spine 1991;16(8 Suppl): S440-4. PMID: 1838448
3. Seybold EA, Sweeney CA, Fredrickson BE, Warhold LG, Bernini PM. Functional outcome of low lumbar burst fractures: a multicenter review of operative and nonoperative treatment of L3-L5. Spine 1999;24(20):2154-61. https://doi.org/ 10.1097/00007632-199910150-00016
4. Levine AM, Edwards CC. Low lumbar burst fractures reduction and stabilization using the modular spine fixation system. Orthopedics 1988;11(10):1427-32. PMID: 3226991
5. Lehman RA, Paik H, Eckel TT, Helgeson MD, Cooper PB, Bellabarba C. Low lumbar burst fractures: a unique fracture mechanism sustained in our current overseas conflicts. Spine J 2012;12(9):784-90. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.spinee.2011.09.005
6. Dai LY. Low lumbar spinal fractures: management options. Injury 2002;33(7):579-82. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/s0020-1383(02)00021-9
7. Butler JS, Fitzpatrick P, Mhaolain AMN, Synnott K, O'byrne JM. The management and functional outcome of isolated burst fractures of the fifth lumbar vertebra. Spine 2007;32(4):443-7. https://doi.org/ 10.1097/01.brs.0000255076.45825.1e
8. Mahar A, Kim C, Wedemeyer M, Mitsunaga L, Odell T, Johnson B, et al. Short-segment fixation of lumbar burst fractures using pedicle fixation at the level of the fracture. Spine 2007;32(14):1503-7. https://doi.org/ 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318067dd24
9. Siebenga J, Segers MJ, Elzinga MJ, Bakker FC, Haarman HJ, Patka P. Spine fractures caused by horse riding. Eur Spine J 2006;15(4):465-71. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00586-005-1012-5
10. Boham M, O'Connell K. Unusual mechanism of injury resulting in a thoracic Chance fracture in a rodeo athlete: a case report. J Athl Train 2014;49(2), 274-279. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-48.6.06
11. Papachristos A, Edwards E, Dowrick A, Gosling C. A description of the severity of equestrian-related injuries (eris) using clinical parameters and patient-reported outcomes. Injury 2014;45(9):1484-7. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.injury.2014.04.017
12. Triantafyllopoulos I, Panagopoulos A, Sapkas G. Mid-thoracic spinal injuries during horse racing: report of 3 cases and review of causative factors and prevention measurements. Case Rep Orthop 2013;2013:715409. https://doi.org/ 10.1155/2013/715409
13. Carrillo EH, Varnagy D, Bragg SM, Levy J, Riordan K. Traumatic injuries associated with horseback riding. Scand J Surg 2007;96(1):79-82. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/145749690709600115
14. Young JD, Gelbs JC, Zhu DS, Gallacher SE, Sutton KM, Blaine TA. (2015). Orthopaedic injuries in equestrian sports: A current concepts review. Orthop J Sports Med 2015;3(9): 2325967115603924. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/2325967115603924
15. Meyers MC, Laurent CM. The Rodeo Athlete. Sports Med 2010;40(10):817-39. https://doi.org/ 10.2165/11535330-000000000-00000
16. Loder RT. The demographics of equestrian-related injuries in the United States: injury patterns, orthopedic specific injuries, and avenues for injury prevention. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2008;65(2):447-60. https://doi.org/ 10.1097/TA.0b013e31817dac43
17. Hitchens PL, Hill AE, Stover SM. (2013). Jockey falls, injuries, and fatalities associated with Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse racing in California, 2007-2011. Orthop J Sports Med 2013;1(1):2325967113492625. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/2325967113492625
18. Oh J, Oh HM, Lee JI. Horseback riding-related vertebral compression fracture from walking in women with low bone mineral density: reports of two cases. Curr Sports Med Rep 2016;15(1):38-40. https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0000000000000221
19. Vaccaro AR, Oner C, Kepler CK, Dvorak M, Schnake K, Bellabarba C, et al. AOSpine thoracolumbar spine injury classification system: fracture description, neurological status, and key modifiers. Spine 2013;38(23):2028-37. https://doi.org/ 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3182a8a381
20. Kirshblum SC, Burns SP, Biering-Sorensen F, Donovan W, Graves DE, Jha A, et al. International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury (revised 2011). J Spinal Cord Med 2011;34(6):535-46. https://doi.org/10.1179/204577211X13207446293695
21. Hashimoto T, Kaneda K, Abumi K. Relationship between traumatic spinal canal stenosis and neurological deficits in thoracolumbar burst fractures. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1990;13:1268-72. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-198811000-00011
22. Keynan O, Fisher CG, Vaccaro A, Fehlings MG, Oner FC, Dietz J, et al. Radiographic measurement parameters in thoracolumbar fractures: a systematic review and consensus statement of the spine trauma study group. Spine 2006;31(5): E156-E165. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000201261.94907.0d
23. Jiang SD, Wu QZ, Lan SH, Dai LY. Reliability of the measurement of thoracolumbar burst fracture kyphosis with Cobb angle, Gardner angle, and sagittal index. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2012;132(2):221-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-011-1394-2
24. Fairbank J, Couper J, Davies J, O´Brien JP. The Oswestry low back pain questionnaire. Physiotherapy 1980;66:271-3. PMID: 6450426
25. Erickson DL, Lloyd L, Leider JR, Brown WE. One-stage decompression-stabilization for thoracolumbar fractures. Spine 1977;2(1):53-6.
26. Shaw B, Mansfield FL, Borges L. One-stage posterolateral decompression and stabilization for primary and metastatic vertebral tumors in the thoracic and lumbar spine. J Neurosurg 1989;70(3):405-10. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1989.70.3.0405
27. Heinig CA. Eggshell procedure. En: Luque ER (ed.). Segmental spinal instrumentation. Thorofare, NJ: Slack; 1984:221-30.
28. Testa, Analía H. Rincón Gaucho: Antología del Suplemento Campo de La Nación. Emecé. Buenos Aires, 2004. Testa AH (ed.). ISBN: 950-04-2538-6.
29. McCormack T, Karaikovic E, Gaines RW. The load sharing classification of spine fractures. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1994;19(15):1741-44. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199408000-00014
30. Jeong WJ, Kim JW, Seo DK, Lee HJ, Kim JY, Yoon JP, et al. Efficiency of ligamentotaxis using PLL for thoracic and lumbar burst fractures in the load-sharing classification. Orthopedics 2013;36(5):e567-e574. https://doi.org/10.3928/01477447-20130426-17
31. Kaufman RP, Ching RP, Willis MM, Mack CD, Gross JA, Bulger EM. Burst fractures of the lumbar spine in frontal crashes. Accid Anal Prev 2013;59:153-63. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.aap.2013.05.023
2. An HS, Vaccaro A, Cotler JM, Lin S. Low lumbar burst fractures: comparison among body cast, Harrington rod, Luque rod, and Steffee plate. Spine 1991;16(8 Suppl): S440-4. PMID: 1838448
3. Seybold EA, Sweeney CA, Fredrickson BE, Warhold LG, Bernini PM. Functional outcome of low lumbar burst fractures: a multicenter review of operative and nonoperative treatment of L3-L5. Spine 1999;24(20):2154-61. https://doi.org/ 10.1097/00007632-199910150-00016
4. Levine AM, Edwards CC. Low lumbar burst fractures reduction and stabilization using the modular spine fixation system. Orthopedics 1988;11(10):1427-32. PMID: 3226991
5. Lehman RA, Paik H, Eckel TT, Helgeson MD, Cooper PB, Bellabarba C. Low lumbar burst fractures: a unique fracture mechanism sustained in our current overseas conflicts. Spine J 2012;12(9):784-90. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.spinee.2011.09.005
6. Dai LY. Low lumbar spinal fractures: management options. Injury 2002;33(7):579-82. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/s0020-1383(02)00021-9
7. Butler JS, Fitzpatrick P, Mhaolain AMN, Synnott K, O'byrne JM. The management and functional outcome of isolated burst fractures of the fifth lumbar vertebra. Spine 2007;32(4):443-7. https://doi.org/ 10.1097/01.brs.0000255076.45825.1e
8. Mahar A, Kim C, Wedemeyer M, Mitsunaga L, Odell T, Johnson B, et al. Short-segment fixation of lumbar burst fractures using pedicle fixation at the level of the fracture. Spine 2007;32(14):1503-7. https://doi.org/ 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318067dd24
9. Siebenga J, Segers MJ, Elzinga MJ, Bakker FC, Haarman HJ, Patka P. Spine fractures caused by horse riding. Eur Spine J 2006;15(4):465-71. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00586-005-1012-5
10. Boham M, O'Connell K. Unusual mechanism of injury resulting in a thoracic Chance fracture in a rodeo athlete: a case report. J Athl Train 2014;49(2), 274-279. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-48.6.06
11. Papachristos A, Edwards E, Dowrick A, Gosling C. A description of the severity of equestrian-related injuries (eris) using clinical parameters and patient-reported outcomes. Injury 2014;45(9):1484-7. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.injury.2014.04.017
12. Triantafyllopoulos I, Panagopoulos A, Sapkas G. Mid-thoracic spinal injuries during horse racing: report of 3 cases and review of causative factors and prevention measurements. Case Rep Orthop 2013;2013:715409. https://doi.org/ 10.1155/2013/715409
13. Carrillo EH, Varnagy D, Bragg SM, Levy J, Riordan K. Traumatic injuries associated with horseback riding. Scand J Surg 2007;96(1):79-82. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/145749690709600115
14. Young JD, Gelbs JC, Zhu DS, Gallacher SE, Sutton KM, Blaine TA. (2015). Orthopaedic injuries in equestrian sports: A current concepts review. Orthop J Sports Med 2015;3(9): 2325967115603924. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/2325967115603924
15. Meyers MC, Laurent CM. The Rodeo Athlete. Sports Med 2010;40(10):817-39. https://doi.org/ 10.2165/11535330-000000000-00000
16. Loder RT. The demographics of equestrian-related injuries in the United States: injury patterns, orthopedic specific injuries, and avenues for injury prevention. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2008;65(2):447-60. https://doi.org/ 10.1097/TA.0b013e31817dac43
17. Hitchens PL, Hill AE, Stover SM. (2013). Jockey falls, injuries, and fatalities associated with Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse racing in California, 2007-2011. Orthop J Sports Med 2013;1(1):2325967113492625. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/2325967113492625
18. Oh J, Oh HM, Lee JI. Horseback riding-related vertebral compression fracture from walking in women with low bone mineral density: reports of two cases. Curr Sports Med Rep 2016;15(1):38-40. https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0000000000000221
19. Vaccaro AR, Oner C, Kepler CK, Dvorak M, Schnake K, Bellabarba C, et al. AOSpine thoracolumbar spine injury classification system: fracture description, neurological status, and key modifiers. Spine 2013;38(23):2028-37. https://doi.org/ 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3182a8a381
20. Kirshblum SC, Burns SP, Biering-Sorensen F, Donovan W, Graves DE, Jha A, et al. International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury (revised 2011). J Spinal Cord Med 2011;34(6):535-46. https://doi.org/10.1179/204577211X13207446293695
21. Hashimoto T, Kaneda K, Abumi K. Relationship between traumatic spinal canal stenosis and neurological deficits in thoracolumbar burst fractures. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1990;13:1268-72. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-198811000-00011
22. Keynan O, Fisher CG, Vaccaro A, Fehlings MG, Oner FC, Dietz J, et al. Radiographic measurement parameters in thoracolumbar fractures: a systematic review and consensus statement of the spine trauma study group. Spine 2006;31(5): E156-E165. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000201261.94907.0d
23. Jiang SD, Wu QZ, Lan SH, Dai LY. Reliability of the measurement of thoracolumbar burst fracture kyphosis with Cobb angle, Gardner angle, and sagittal index. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2012;132(2):221-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-011-1394-2
24. Fairbank J, Couper J, Davies J, O´Brien JP. The Oswestry low back pain questionnaire. Physiotherapy 1980;66:271-3. PMID: 6450426
25. Erickson DL, Lloyd L, Leider JR, Brown WE. One-stage decompression-stabilization for thoracolumbar fractures. Spine 1977;2(1):53-6.
26. Shaw B, Mansfield FL, Borges L. One-stage posterolateral decompression and stabilization for primary and metastatic vertebral tumors in the thoracic and lumbar spine. J Neurosurg 1989;70(3):405-10. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1989.70.3.0405
27. Heinig CA. Eggshell procedure. En: Luque ER (ed.). Segmental spinal instrumentation. Thorofare, NJ: Slack; 1984:221-30.
28. Testa, Analía H. Rincón Gaucho: Antología del Suplemento Campo de La Nación. Emecé. Buenos Aires, 2004. Testa AH (ed.). ISBN: 950-04-2538-6.
29. McCormack T, Karaikovic E, Gaines RW. The load sharing classification of spine fractures. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1994;19(15):1741-44. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199408000-00014
30. Jeong WJ, Kim JW, Seo DK, Lee HJ, Kim JY, Yoon JP, et al. Efficiency of ligamentotaxis using PLL for thoracic and lumbar burst fractures in the load-sharing classification. Orthopedics 2013;36(5):e567-e574. https://doi.org/10.3928/01477447-20130426-17
31. Kaufman RP, Ching RP, Willis MM, Mack CD, Gross JA, Bulger EM. Burst fractures of the lumbar spine in frontal crashes. Accid Anal Prev 2013;59:153-63. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.aap.2013.05.023