Optimal Surface Roughness of an Implant to Generate Osseointegration and Biological Fixation
Abstract
Introduction: The use of rough surfaces for biological fixation in implants is an increasingly common alternative. The aim of this study is to determine the optimal surface roughness of an intramedullary implant to promote osseointegration and subsequent biological fixation, using thermal arc projection and rabbit femurs as a biological receptor model. Materials and Methods: Cylindrical intramedullary systems with rough titanium coatings were implanted with varying degrees of roughness to assess where optimal osseointegration occurs, using the femurs of six rabbits (unilateral). The osseointegration process was monitored through monthly radiographs and histopathological analysis of the femur specimens. Results: No migration or subsidence occurred in any of the implants. Radiographic evidence of osseointegration was observed in all femurs. Bone formation was established around all implants. However, a mechanical test to evaluate the strength of the adhesion to the bone could not be performed. Conclusion: Surfaces with a roughness >100 µm have shown a favorable biological response, demonstrating a direct bond between the implant surface and the bone.Downloads
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