Myths, Truths, Doubts and Confusions About Shockwave Therapy and Its Role in Musculoskeletal Pathology
Article Sidebar
Published:
Apr 16, 2024
Keywords:
Shock waves, radial pressure waves, mechanotransduction
Main Article Content
Abstract
The advent of renal lithotripsy in the 1980s had a disruptive effect on the treatment of kidney stones. The discovery of the biological effects of shock waves quickly expanded the use of this therapeutic method to the field of Orthopedics and Traumatology. Although the topic has advanced significantly in recent years, there are still many questions and confusions in our specialty’s environment, particularly among professionals who are not directly involved in the field. The objective of this presentation is to provide a scientific analysis of the points of controversy and the most frequent doubts.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Metrics
Metrics Loading ...
Article Details
How to Cite
Moya, D. (2024). Myths, Truths, Doubts and Confusions About Shockwave Therapy and Its Role in Musculoskeletal Pathology. Revista De La Asociación Argentina De Ortopedia Y Traumatología, 89(2), 199-209. https://doi.org/10.15417/issn.1852-7434.2024.89.2.1835
Issue
Section
Artículo Especial
Copyright (c) 2024 Revista de la Asociación Argentina de Ortopedia y Traumatología
Manuscript acceptance by the Journal implies the simultaneous non-submission to any other journal or publishing house. The RAAOT is under the Licencia Creative Commnos Atribución-NoComercial-Compartir Obras Derivadas Igual 4.0 Internacional (CC-BY-NC.SA 4.0) (http://creativecommons.org/licences/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.es). Articles can be shared, copied, distributed, modified, altered, transformed into a derivative work, executed and publicly communicated, provided a) the authors and the original publication (Journal, Publisher and URL) are mentioned, b) they are not used for commercial purposes, c) the same terms of the license are maintained.
In the event that the manuscript is approved for its next publication, the authors retain the copyright and will assign to the journal the rights of publication, edition, reproduction, distribution, exhibition and communication at a national and international level in the different databases. data, repositories and portals.
It is hereby stated that the mentioned manuscript has not been published and that it is not being printed in any other national or foreign journal.
The authors hereby accept the necessary modifications, suggested by the reviewers, in order to adapt the manuscript to the style and publication rules of this Journal.
References
1. Chaussy C, Brendel W, Schmiedt E. Extracorporeally induced destruction of kidney stones by shock waves. Lancet 1980;2(8207):1265-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(80)92335-1
2. Hiller SC, Ghani KR. Frontiers of stone management. Curr Opin Urol 2020;30(1):17-23.
https://doi.org/10.1097/MOU.0000000000000698
3. Moya D, Loske AM, Hobrough P, Moya C. History of shock waves and radial pressure waves from Newton to our times. J Reg Sci 2023;3(1):9-14. https://doi.org/10.13107/jrs.2023.v03.i01.70
4. Haupt G, Chvapil M. Effect of shock waves on the healing of partial-thickness wounds in piglets. J Surg Res 1990;49(1):45-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4804(90)90109-f
5. Haupt G, Haupt A, Ekkernkamp A, Gerety B, Chvapil M. Influence of shock waves on fracture healing. Urology 1992;39(6):529-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-4295(92)90009-l
6. Valchanov VD, Michailov P. High energy shock waves in the treatment of delayed and nonunion fractures. Int Orthop 1991;15(3):181-4. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00192289
7. Loew M, Jurgowski W. [Initial experiences with extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) in treatment of tendinosis calcarea of the shoulder]. Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb1993;131(5):470-3. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1040056
8. Rompe JD, Hope C, Kullmer K, Heine J, Burger R. Analgesic effect of extracorporeal shock-wave therapy on chronic tennis elbow. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1996;78(2):233-7. PMID: 8666632
9. Perlick L, Boxberg W, Giebel G. [High energy shock wave treatment of the painful heel spur]. Unfallchirur
1998;101(12):914-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001130050358
10. Loske AM. Medical and biomedical applications of shock waves. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International; 2017, p. 55.
11. Loske AM, Moya D. Shock waves and radial pressure waves: time to put a clear nomenclature into practice. J Reg Sci 2021;1(1):4-8. https://doi.org/10.13107/jrs.2021.v01.i01.005
12. Moya D, Ramón S, Schaden W, Wang CJ, Guiloff L, Cheng JH. The role of extracorporeal shockwave treatment in musculoskeletal disorders. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2018;100(3):251-63. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.17.00661
13. Moya D. Terapia por onda de choque extracorpórea para el tratamiento de las lesiones musculoesqueléticas. Rev Asoc Argent Ortop Traumatol 2002;67(4):273-86. Disponible en:
https://www.aaot.org.ar/revista/1993_2002/2002/2002_4/670408.pdf
14. Newton I. Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica; 2009. Disponible en:
https://www.gutenberg.org/files/28233/28233-pdf.pdf [Consulta: octubre, 2023]
15. Moya D, Ramón S, Guiloff L, Terán P, Eid J, Serrano E. Malos resultados y complicaciones en el uso de ondas de choque focales y ondas de presión radial en patología musculoesquelética. Rehabilitacion (Madr) 2022;56(1):64-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rh.2021.02.007
16. Ramon S, Español A, Yebra M, Morillas JM, Unzurrunzaga R, Freitag K, et al. Ondas de choque. Evidencias y recomendaciones SETOC (Sociedad Española de Tratamientos con Ondas de Choque). Rehabilitación (Madr) 2021;55(4):291-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rh.2021.02.002
17. Cyteval C, Baron-Sarrabère MP, Jorgensen C, Cottin A, Benis J, Sany J, et al. Etude IRM avant et apres lithotritie des tendinopathies calcifiantes de l’épaule [MRI study before and after extracorporal shock wave therapy in calcifying tendinitis of the shoulder]. J Radiol 2003;84(6):681-4. PMID: 12910173
18. Maier M, Milz S, Tischer T, Münzing W, Manthey N, Stäbler A, et al. Influence of extracorporeal shock-wave application on normal bone in an animal model in vivo. Scintigraphy, MRI and histopathology. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2002;84(4):592-9. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.84b4.11621
19. d’Agostino MC, Craig K, Tibalt E, Respizzi S. Shock wave as biological therapeutic tool: From mechanical
stimulation to recovery and healing, through mechanotransduction. Int J Surg 2015;24(Pt B):147-53.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.11.030
20. Gollmann-Tepeköylü C, Pölzl L, Graber M, Hirsch J, Nägele F, Lobenwein D, et al. miR-19a-3p containing
exosomes improve function of ischaemic myocardium upon shock wave therapy. Cardiovasc Res 2020;116(6):1226-36. https:/doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvz209
21. Wang CJ, Huang HY, Pai CH. Shock wave-enhanced neovascularization at the tendon-bone junction: An experiment in dogs. J Foot Ankle Surg 2002;41(1):16-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1067-2516(02)80005-9
22. Wang CJ. An overview of shock wave therapy in musculoskeletal disorders. Chang Gung Med J 2003;26(4):220-32. PMID: 12846521
23. Brañes J, Contreras HR, Cabello P, Antonic V, Guiloff LJ, Brañes M. Shoulder rotator cuff responses to
extracorporeal shockwave therapy: Morphological and immunohistochemical analysis. Shoulder & Elbow
2012;4(3):163-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-5740.2012.00178.x
24. Vavken P, Holinka J, Rompe JD, Dorotka R. Focused extracorporeal shock wave therapy in calcifying tendinitis of the shoulder: a meta-analysis. Sports Health 2009;1(2):137-44. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738108331197
25. Verstraelen FU, In den Kleef NJ, Jansen L, Morrenhof JW. High-energy versus low-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy for calcifying tendinitis of the shoulder: which is superior? A meta-analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2014;472(9):2816-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-014-3680-0
26. Zhang L, Cui Y, Liang D, Guan J, Liu Y, Chen X. High-energy focused extracorporeal shock wave therapy for bone marrow edema syndrome of the hip: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020;99(16):e19747. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000019747
27. Cleveland RO, Chitnis PV, McClure SR. Acoustic field of a ballistic shock wave therapy device. Ultrasound Med Biol 2007;33(8):1327-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2007.02.014
28. Gonkova MI, Ilieva EM, Ferriero G, Chavdarov I. Effect of radial shock wave therapy on muscle spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. Int J Rehabil Res 2013;36(3):284-90. https://doi.org/10.1097/MRR.0b013e328360e51d
29. Reddy AK, Scott J, Checketts JX, Fishbeck K, Boose M, Stalling L, et al. Levels of evidence backing the AAOS clinical practice guidelines. J Orthop Trauma Rehab 2021. https://doi.org/10.1177/2210491721992533
30. Blom AW, Donovan RL, Beswick AD, Whitehouse MR, Kunutsor SK. Common elective orthopaedic procedures and their clinical effectiveness: umbrella review of level 1 evidence. BMJ 2021;374(1):n1511.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1511ç
31. Moya D, Wei S, Simplicio C, Guiloff L, Kwangsun P, Di Giorno A, et al. Scientific evidence of shock waves in Orthopedics and Traumatology: It is time to set the record straight. Journal of Regenerative Science 2023;3(1):1-6. https://doi.org/10.13107/jrs.2023.v03.i01.67
32. Burkhart SS. Shoulder arthroscopy: a bridge from the past to the future. J Shoulder Elbow Surg
2020;29(8):e287-e296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2020.04.011
33. Wright JG, Einhorn TA, Heckman JD. Grades of recommendation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2005;87(9):1909-10. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.8709.edit
34. Thomas JL, Christensen JC, Kravitz SR, Mendicino RW, Schuberth JM, Vanore JV, et al. The diagnosis and
treatment of heel pain: a clinical practice guideline-revision 2010. J Foot Ankle Surg 2010;49(3 Suppl):S1-19.
https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2010.01.00
35. Chen L, Ye L, Liu H, Yang P, Yang B. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for the treatment of osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomed Res Int 2020;18;2020:1907821. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1907821
36. Alsaikhan B, Andonian S. Shock wave lithotripsy in patients requiring anticoagulation or antiplatelet agents. Can Urol Assoc J 2011;5(1):53-7. https://doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.09140
37. Eid J, Moya D. Quality standards and techniques for the application of focused shockwaves and radial pressure waves in musculoskeletal disorders. Journal of Regenerative Science 2021;1(1):9-12.
https://doi.org/10.13107/jrs.2021.v01.i01.007
38. Smith DP, Graham JB, Prystowsky JB, Dalkin BL, Nemcek AA Jr. The effects of ultrasound-guided shock waves during early pregnancy in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Urol 1992;147(1):231-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)37203-8
39. Wang CJ, Huang HY, Yang K, Wang FS, Wong M. Pathomechanism of shock wave injuries on femoral artery, vein and nerve. An experimental study in dogs. Injury 2002;33(5):439-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-1383(02)00005-0
40. Ubee SS, Kasi VS, Bello D, Manikandan R. Implications of pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators in urological practice. J Urol 2011;186(4):1198-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2011.02.2697
41. Furia JP, Juliano PJ, Wade AM, Schaden W, Mittermayr R. Shock wave therapy compared with intramedullary screw fixation for nonunion of proximal fifth metatarsal metaphyseal-diaphyseal fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010;92(4):846-54. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.I.00653
42. Notarnicola A, Moretti L, Tafuri S, Gigliotti S, Russo S, Musci L, et al. Extracorporeal shockwaves versus surgery in the treatment of pseudoarthrosis of the carpal scaphoid. Ultrasound Med Biol 2010;36(8):1306-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2010.05.004
43. Liu HM, Chao CM, Hsieh JY, Jiang CC. Humeral head osteonecrosis after extracorporeal shock-wave treatment for rotator cuff tendinopathy. A case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2006;88(6):1353-6.
https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.E.00868
44. Lorbach O, Kusma M, Pape D, Kohn D, Dienst M. Influence of deposit stage and failed ESWT on the surgical results of arthroscopic treatment of calcifying tendonitis of the shoulder. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2008;16(5):516-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-008-0507-0
45. Rompe JD, Zoellner J, Nafe B. Shock wave therapy versus conventional surgery in the treatment of calcifying tendinitis of the shoulder. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2001;(387):72-82. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003086-200106000-00010
46. Rebuzzi E, Coletti N, Schiavetti S, Giusto F. Arthroscopy surgery versus shock wave therapy for chronic calcifying tendinitis of the shoulder. J Orthop Traumatol 2008;9(4):179-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10195-008-0024-4
47. Haake M, Rautmann M, Wirth T. Assessment of the treatment costs of extracorporeal shock wave therapy versus surgical treatment for shoulder diseases. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 2001;17(4):612-7. PMID: 11758305
48. Moya D, Gómez D, Velóz Serrano D, Bernáldez Domínguez P, Dallo Lazzarini I, Gómez G. Treatment protocol for rotator cuff calcific tendinitis using a single-crystal piezoelectric focused shock wave source. J Vis Exp 2022;(190). https://doi.org/10.3791/64426
2. Hiller SC, Ghani KR. Frontiers of stone management. Curr Opin Urol 2020;30(1):17-23.
https://doi.org/10.1097/MOU.0000000000000698
3. Moya D, Loske AM, Hobrough P, Moya C. History of shock waves and radial pressure waves from Newton to our times. J Reg Sci 2023;3(1):9-14. https://doi.org/10.13107/jrs.2023.v03.i01.70
4. Haupt G, Chvapil M. Effect of shock waves on the healing of partial-thickness wounds in piglets. J Surg Res 1990;49(1):45-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4804(90)90109-f
5. Haupt G, Haupt A, Ekkernkamp A, Gerety B, Chvapil M. Influence of shock waves on fracture healing. Urology 1992;39(6):529-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-4295(92)90009-l
6. Valchanov VD, Michailov P. High energy shock waves in the treatment of delayed and nonunion fractures. Int Orthop 1991;15(3):181-4. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00192289
7. Loew M, Jurgowski W. [Initial experiences with extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) in treatment of tendinosis calcarea of the shoulder]. Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb1993;131(5):470-3. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1040056
8. Rompe JD, Hope C, Kullmer K, Heine J, Burger R. Analgesic effect of extracorporeal shock-wave therapy on chronic tennis elbow. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1996;78(2):233-7. PMID: 8666632
9. Perlick L, Boxberg W, Giebel G. [High energy shock wave treatment of the painful heel spur]. Unfallchirur
1998;101(12):914-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001130050358
10. Loske AM. Medical and biomedical applications of shock waves. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International; 2017, p. 55.
11. Loske AM, Moya D. Shock waves and radial pressure waves: time to put a clear nomenclature into practice. J Reg Sci 2021;1(1):4-8. https://doi.org/10.13107/jrs.2021.v01.i01.005
12. Moya D, Ramón S, Schaden W, Wang CJ, Guiloff L, Cheng JH. The role of extracorporeal shockwave treatment in musculoskeletal disorders. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2018;100(3):251-63. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.17.00661
13. Moya D. Terapia por onda de choque extracorpórea para el tratamiento de las lesiones musculoesqueléticas. Rev Asoc Argent Ortop Traumatol 2002;67(4):273-86. Disponible en:
https://www.aaot.org.ar/revista/1993_2002/2002/2002_4/670408.pdf
14. Newton I. Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica; 2009. Disponible en:
https://www.gutenberg.org/files/28233/28233-pdf.pdf [Consulta: octubre, 2023]
15. Moya D, Ramón S, Guiloff L, Terán P, Eid J, Serrano E. Malos resultados y complicaciones en el uso de ondas de choque focales y ondas de presión radial en patología musculoesquelética. Rehabilitacion (Madr) 2022;56(1):64-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rh.2021.02.007
16. Ramon S, Español A, Yebra M, Morillas JM, Unzurrunzaga R, Freitag K, et al. Ondas de choque. Evidencias y recomendaciones SETOC (Sociedad Española de Tratamientos con Ondas de Choque). Rehabilitación (Madr) 2021;55(4):291-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rh.2021.02.002
17. Cyteval C, Baron-Sarrabère MP, Jorgensen C, Cottin A, Benis J, Sany J, et al. Etude IRM avant et apres lithotritie des tendinopathies calcifiantes de l’épaule [MRI study before and after extracorporal shock wave therapy in calcifying tendinitis of the shoulder]. J Radiol 2003;84(6):681-4. PMID: 12910173
18. Maier M, Milz S, Tischer T, Münzing W, Manthey N, Stäbler A, et al. Influence of extracorporeal shock-wave application on normal bone in an animal model in vivo. Scintigraphy, MRI and histopathology. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2002;84(4):592-9. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.84b4.11621
19. d’Agostino MC, Craig K, Tibalt E, Respizzi S. Shock wave as biological therapeutic tool: From mechanical
stimulation to recovery and healing, through mechanotransduction. Int J Surg 2015;24(Pt B):147-53.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2015.11.030
20. Gollmann-Tepeköylü C, Pölzl L, Graber M, Hirsch J, Nägele F, Lobenwein D, et al. miR-19a-3p containing
exosomes improve function of ischaemic myocardium upon shock wave therapy. Cardiovasc Res 2020;116(6):1226-36. https:/doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvz209
21. Wang CJ, Huang HY, Pai CH. Shock wave-enhanced neovascularization at the tendon-bone junction: An experiment in dogs. J Foot Ankle Surg 2002;41(1):16-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1067-2516(02)80005-9
22. Wang CJ. An overview of shock wave therapy in musculoskeletal disorders. Chang Gung Med J 2003;26(4):220-32. PMID: 12846521
23. Brañes J, Contreras HR, Cabello P, Antonic V, Guiloff LJ, Brañes M. Shoulder rotator cuff responses to
extracorporeal shockwave therapy: Morphological and immunohistochemical analysis. Shoulder & Elbow
2012;4(3):163-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-5740.2012.00178.x
24. Vavken P, Holinka J, Rompe JD, Dorotka R. Focused extracorporeal shock wave therapy in calcifying tendinitis of the shoulder: a meta-analysis. Sports Health 2009;1(2):137-44. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738108331197
25. Verstraelen FU, In den Kleef NJ, Jansen L, Morrenhof JW. High-energy versus low-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy for calcifying tendinitis of the shoulder: which is superior? A meta-analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2014;472(9):2816-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-014-3680-0
26. Zhang L, Cui Y, Liang D, Guan J, Liu Y, Chen X. High-energy focused extracorporeal shock wave therapy for bone marrow edema syndrome of the hip: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020;99(16):e19747. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000019747
27. Cleveland RO, Chitnis PV, McClure SR. Acoustic field of a ballistic shock wave therapy device. Ultrasound Med Biol 2007;33(8):1327-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2007.02.014
28. Gonkova MI, Ilieva EM, Ferriero G, Chavdarov I. Effect of radial shock wave therapy on muscle spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. Int J Rehabil Res 2013;36(3):284-90. https://doi.org/10.1097/MRR.0b013e328360e51d
29. Reddy AK, Scott J, Checketts JX, Fishbeck K, Boose M, Stalling L, et al. Levels of evidence backing the AAOS clinical practice guidelines. J Orthop Trauma Rehab 2021. https://doi.org/10.1177/2210491721992533
30. Blom AW, Donovan RL, Beswick AD, Whitehouse MR, Kunutsor SK. Common elective orthopaedic procedures and their clinical effectiveness: umbrella review of level 1 evidence. BMJ 2021;374(1):n1511.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1511ç
31. Moya D, Wei S, Simplicio C, Guiloff L, Kwangsun P, Di Giorno A, et al. Scientific evidence of shock waves in Orthopedics and Traumatology: It is time to set the record straight. Journal of Regenerative Science 2023;3(1):1-6. https://doi.org/10.13107/jrs.2023.v03.i01.67
32. Burkhart SS. Shoulder arthroscopy: a bridge from the past to the future. J Shoulder Elbow Surg
2020;29(8):e287-e296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2020.04.011
33. Wright JG, Einhorn TA, Heckman JD. Grades of recommendation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2005;87(9):1909-10. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.8709.edit
34. Thomas JL, Christensen JC, Kravitz SR, Mendicino RW, Schuberth JM, Vanore JV, et al. The diagnosis and
treatment of heel pain: a clinical practice guideline-revision 2010. J Foot Ankle Surg 2010;49(3 Suppl):S1-19.
https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2010.01.00
35. Chen L, Ye L, Liu H, Yang P, Yang B. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for the treatment of osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomed Res Int 2020;18;2020:1907821. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1907821
36. Alsaikhan B, Andonian S. Shock wave lithotripsy in patients requiring anticoagulation or antiplatelet agents. Can Urol Assoc J 2011;5(1):53-7. https://doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.09140
37. Eid J, Moya D. Quality standards and techniques for the application of focused shockwaves and radial pressure waves in musculoskeletal disorders. Journal of Regenerative Science 2021;1(1):9-12.
https://doi.org/10.13107/jrs.2021.v01.i01.007
38. Smith DP, Graham JB, Prystowsky JB, Dalkin BL, Nemcek AA Jr. The effects of ultrasound-guided shock waves during early pregnancy in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Urol 1992;147(1):231-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)37203-8
39. Wang CJ, Huang HY, Yang K, Wang FS, Wong M. Pathomechanism of shock wave injuries on femoral artery, vein and nerve. An experimental study in dogs. Injury 2002;33(5):439-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-1383(02)00005-0
40. Ubee SS, Kasi VS, Bello D, Manikandan R. Implications of pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators in urological practice. J Urol 2011;186(4):1198-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2011.02.2697
41. Furia JP, Juliano PJ, Wade AM, Schaden W, Mittermayr R. Shock wave therapy compared with intramedullary screw fixation for nonunion of proximal fifth metatarsal metaphyseal-diaphyseal fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010;92(4):846-54. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.I.00653
42. Notarnicola A, Moretti L, Tafuri S, Gigliotti S, Russo S, Musci L, et al. Extracorporeal shockwaves versus surgery in the treatment of pseudoarthrosis of the carpal scaphoid. Ultrasound Med Biol 2010;36(8):1306-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2010.05.004
43. Liu HM, Chao CM, Hsieh JY, Jiang CC. Humeral head osteonecrosis after extracorporeal shock-wave treatment for rotator cuff tendinopathy. A case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2006;88(6):1353-6.
https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.E.00868
44. Lorbach O, Kusma M, Pape D, Kohn D, Dienst M. Influence of deposit stage and failed ESWT on the surgical results of arthroscopic treatment of calcifying tendonitis of the shoulder. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2008;16(5):516-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-008-0507-0
45. Rompe JD, Zoellner J, Nafe B. Shock wave therapy versus conventional surgery in the treatment of calcifying tendinitis of the shoulder. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2001;(387):72-82. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003086-200106000-00010
46. Rebuzzi E, Coletti N, Schiavetti S, Giusto F. Arthroscopy surgery versus shock wave therapy for chronic calcifying tendinitis of the shoulder. J Orthop Traumatol 2008;9(4):179-85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10195-008-0024-4
47. Haake M, Rautmann M, Wirth T. Assessment of the treatment costs of extracorporeal shock wave therapy versus surgical treatment for shoulder diseases. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 2001;17(4):612-7. PMID: 11758305
48. Moya D, Gómez D, Velóz Serrano D, Bernáldez Domínguez P, Dallo Lazzarini I, Gómez G. Treatment protocol for rotator cuff calcific tendinitis using a single-crystal piezoelectric focused shock wave source. J Vis Exp 2022;(190). https://doi.org/10.3791/64426